Grammind · Sifat darajalari
My Way of Life: Comparatives - sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasi
Comparative daraja nima?
Sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasi (comparative degree) ikki shaxs yoki narsani bir-biri bilan taqqoslash uchun ishlatiladi. O'zbek tilida bu ma'no -roq qo'shimchasi va -dan kelishigi orqali beriladi: "Toshkent Samarqanddan kattaroq". Ingliz tilida esa ikkita asosiy qolip bor:
Qisqa sifat + -er + than
more + uzun sifat + than
- My life is busier than my grandfather's life. (Mening hayotim bobomning hayotidan bandroq.)
- Living in the countryside is healthier than living in the city.
- Online lessons are more convenient than traditional ones.
Qisqa sifatlar: -er qo'shimchasi
Bir bo'g'inli va -y bilan tugagan ikki bo'g'inli sifatlarga -er qo'shiladi. Imlo qoidalariga e'tibor bering:
- Oddiy holat: tall - taller, old - older, fast - faster
- -e bilan tugasa faqat -r: nice - nicer, large - larger, safe - safer
- Undosh + unli + undosh (CVC) bo'lsa oxirgi undosh ikkilanadi: big - bigger, hot - hotter, thin - thinner
- Undosh + -y bo'lsa -y -> -ier: happy - happier, easy - easier, busy - busier, healthy - healthier
Uzun sifatlar: more
Ikki va undan ortiq bo'g'inli sifatlar oldiga more qo'yiladi, sifatning o'zi o'zgarmaydi:
- interesting - more interesting (This book is more interesting than that film.)
- expensive - more expensive (Life in Tashkent is more expensive than in my village.)
- important - more important (Health is more important than money.)
Noto'g'ri (irregular) sifatlar
| Sifat | Comparative | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| good | better | My English is better than last year. |
| bad | worse | The weather today is worse than yesterday. |
| far | farther / further | My school is farther than yours. |
| little | less | I have less free time than my sister. |
| many / much | more | She reads more books than me. |
O'zbek o'quvchilarining tipik xatolari (interferensiya)
Ona tilimiz ta'sirida quyidagi xatolar juda ko'p uchraydi. Ularni "noto'g'ri -> to'g'ri" ko'rinishida yodlab oling:
- -dan = from emas! O'zbekchada "Azizdan balandroq" deymiz, shuning uchun ko'pchilik "from" ishlatadi. Noto'g'ri: He is taller from Aziz. -> To'g'ri: He is taller than Aziz.
- Ikki marta taqqoslash mumkin emas. Noto'g'ri: more better, more easier, more bigger -> To'g'ri: better, easier, bigger. O'zbekcha "yanada yaxshiroq" ma'nosi uchun even better / much better ishlating.
- Uzun sifatga -er qo'shilmaydi. Noto'g'ri: beautifuller, interestinger -> To'g'ri: more beautiful, more interesting.
- Qisqa sifatga more qo'yilmaydi. Noto'g'ri: more big, more tall -> To'g'ri: bigger, taller.
- than tushirib qoldirilmaydi. Noto'g'ri: My city is bigger your city. -> To'g'ri: My city is bigger than your city.
Eslatma: sifat qisqa yoki uzunligini bilish uchun bo'g'inlarni sanang: bir bo'g'in yoki -y bilan tugagan ikki bo'g'in bo'lsa -er, qolgan hollarda more. Ikkalasini birga ishlatish (more taller) har doim xato!