Going Away: Be Going To va Present Continuous (kelasi rejalar, B2)
Kirish: kelajak haqida qanday gapiramiz?
Ingliz tilida kelajakni bitta emas, bir nechta shakl bilan ifodalaymiz va ular ma'no jihatidan farq qiladi. "Going Away" (safarga chiqish) mavzusida eng ko'p ishlatiladigan ikkita shakl: be going to va present continuous. Ikkalasi ham reja haqida, lekin rejaning qanchalik aniq ekani ularni ajratib turadi.
Be going to - niyat va qaror (intention)
Qaror allaqachon qabul qilingan, lekin tafsilotlar hali kelishilmagan bo'lsa, be going to ishlatiladi:
Am / Is / Are + going to + V1
- I'm going to travel around Uzbekistan next summer. (Niyat bor, lekin chipta olinmagan.)
- We're going to save money for a trip to Samarkand. (Qaror qilingan reja.)
- She isn't going to stay in expensive hotels. (Inkor: is/are + not + going to.)
- Are you going to visit your relatives in Fergana? (Savol: be fe'li oldinga chiqadi.)
Be going to - dalilga asoslangan bashorat
Hozirgi dalil (evidence) asosida aniq ko'rinib turgan bashoratlar ham be going to bilan aytiladi:
- Look at those dark clouds! It's going to rain. (Bulutlar - dalil.)
- The bus is completely full. We're going to be late. (Vaziyat aniq ko'rsatib turibdi.)
Present Continuous - kelishilgan reja (arrangement)
Reja boshqa odamlar bilan kelishilgan, vaqti va joyi belgilangan bo'lsa, present continuous ishlatiladi. Bunday gapda odatda aniq vaqt ko'rsatkichi bo'ladi:
Am / Is / Are + V-ing + aniq vaqt (tomorrow, on Friday, at 6 p.m.)
- I'm flying to Istanbul on Friday at 7 a.m. (Chipta olingan - kelishuv bor.)
- We're meeting our tour guide at the airport at 9 o'clock. (Uchrashuv belgilangan.)
- My cousins are staying with us next week. (Ular bilan kelishilgan.)
- What time are you leaving tomorrow? (Rejaning tafsiloti so'ralmoqda.)
Ikkalasining farqi: niyatmi yoki kelishuvmi?
Farqni ushbu jadval orqali eslab qoling:
| Mezon | Be going to | Present Continuous |
|---|---|---|
| Ma'nosi | Niyat, qaror (intention) | Kelishilgan reja (arrangement) |
| Tafsilotlar | Hali aniq emas | Vaqt, joy belgilangan; chipta, bron bor |
| Misol | I'm going to visit Bukhara some day. | I'm visiting Bukhara this Saturday - I've booked the train. |
| Qo'shimcha vazifa | Dalilga asoslangan bashorat (It's going to rain.) | Hozir bo'layotgan ish (I'm packing now.) |
Amalda farq ko'pincha juda nozik va ikkala shakl ham to'g'ri bo'lishi mumkin. B2 darajada muhimi: aniq kelishuv belgisi (chipta, bron, belgilangan soat) bo'lsa, present continuous tabiiyroq eshitiladi.
O'zbek o'quvchilariga xos tipik xatolar (interferensiya)
Ona tilimizda "ertaga boraman" deb hozirgi-kelasi zamon qo'shimchasi bilan aytilgani uchun quyidagi xatolar uchraydi:
- Noto'g'ri: I will go to Khiva tomorrow, I have already bought the ticket. -> To'g'ri: I'm going to Khiva tomorrow. (Kelishilgan reja will bilan emas, present continuous bilan aytiladi; will - gapirish paytidagi qaror yoki umumiy bashorat uchun.)
- Noto'g'ri: I am go to visit my uncle. -> To'g'ri: I am going to visit my uncle. (Be going to qolipida going tushib qolmasligi kerak.)
- Noto'g'ri: She going to book a hotel. -> To'g'ri: She is going to book a hotel. (Be fe'li - am/is/are - tushirib qoldirilmaydi.)
- Noto'g'ri: We're going to visiting the museum. -> To'g'ri: We're going to visit the museum. (Going to'dan keyin V1 keladi, -ing emas.)
- Noto'g'ri: Do you going to travel this summer? -> To'g'ri: Are you going to travel this summer? (Savol be fe'li bilan yasaladi, do bilan emas.)
- Noto'g'ri: I'm going to Tashkent yesterday. -> To'g'ri: I'm going to Tashkent tomorrow. (Kelasi reja shakllari faqat kelasi vaqt ko'rsatkichlari bilan ishlatiladi.)
Eslatma: O'zingizga bitta savol bering: "Bu reja boshqalar bilan kelishilganmi, sanasi-vaqti aniqmi?" Ha bo'lsa - present continuous (I'm flying on Friday). Faqat niyat va qaror bo'lsa - be going to (I'm going to travel more). Hozirgi dalilga qarab bashorat qilsangiz ham - be going to (Look! It's going to snow). "Going to go" o'rniga og'zaki nutqda ko'pincha qisqa shakl ishlatiladi: I'm going to go -> I'm going (to Khiva).
Future plan matching - rejani shaklga moslang
Quyidagi vaziyatlarni to'g'ri shakl bilan moslashtiring, keyin javobingizni tekshiring:
- Vaziyat: Siz poyezd chiptasini oldingiz, jo'nash vaqti shanba, soat 8:00. -> Present Continuous: I'm leaving for Samarkand at 8 a.m. on Saturday.
- Vaziyat: Siz kelgusi yil ko'proq ingliz tili o'rganishga qaror qildingiz, lekin kurs tanlamadingiz. -> Be going to: I'm going to improve my English next year.
- Vaziyat: Osmon qop-qora, shamol kuchaymoqda. -> Be going to (bashorat): It's going to storm soon.
- Vaziyat: Do'stingiz bilan ertaga soat 5 da kafeda uchrashishga kelishdingiz. -> Present Continuous: I'm meeting my friend at the cafe at 5 tomorrow.
- Vaziyat: Oilangiz uy sotib olish uchun pul yig'ishga qaror qildi. -> Be going to: We're going to save money for a new house.
- Vaziyat: Mehmonxona bron qilingan, sana - 12-iyul. -> Present Continuous: We're staying at Hotel Registon from 12 July.
Mini-mashq: qaysi shakl tabiiyroq?
- Look at the queue! We ___ (wait) a long time. -> are going to wait (dalilga asoslangan bashorat).
- I ___ (see) the dentist at 3 p.m. - it's in my diary. -> am seeing (belgilangan uchrashuv).
- Someday I ___ (climb) the mountains in Chimgan. -> am going to climb (uzoq muddatli niyat).