Kirish: bitta taom, ikki xil hikoya

Tasavvur qiling: siz hayotingizda birinchi marta sushi yedingiz. Buni inglizchada ikki xil aytish mumkin va ikkalasi ham to'g'ri, lekin ma'nolari boshqacha:

• I've tried sushi! - Men sushi yeb ko'rganman! (Tajriba - endi men sushi qanaqaligini bilaman. Qachonligi muhim emas.)
• I tried sushi last night at a new restaurant. - Kecha kechqurun yangi restoranda sushi yedim. (Aniq voqea, aniq vaqt.)

"Taste This!" darsining maqsadi - shu ikki zamonni yonma-yon qo'yib, farqni his qilishni o'rgatish. B2 darajada siz shaklni allaqachon bilasiz; endi asosiy ish - to'g'ri tanlash.

Shakllarni yonma-yon eslaylik

Present Perfect: have / has + V3 - I've tasted, she's cooked, we haven't ordered, Have you eaten?

Past Simple: V2 (yoki did + V1) - I tasted, she cooked, we didn't order, Did you eat?

Noto'g'ri fe'llarga alohida e'tibor: eat - ate - eaten, drink - drank - drunk, make - made - made, give - gave - given, take - took - taken.

Uchta oltin qoida

1-qoida: aniq o'tgan vaqt bormi? - Past Simple

Yesterday, ago, last..., in 2020, when I was a child - bu so'zlar gapni o'tmishning aniq nuqtasiga "mixlab" qo'yadi:

• My grandmother made the best somsa when I was little.
• We ate at that Korean place two weeks ago.

2-qoida: natija yoki tajriba muhimmi? - Present Perfect

• I've burnt the dinner! (Natija: ovqat kuydi, hozir yeydigan narsa yo'q.)
• She's never eaten spicy food. (Hayotiy tajriba - umuman.)

3-qoida: vaqt davri tugaganmi yoki yo'qmi?

Bu B2 uchun eng nozik qoida. Bir xil so'z ham ikki xil ishlashi mumkin:

• I've drunk three cups of tea this morning. (Hozir hali ertalab - davr ochiq.)
• I drank three cups of tea this morning. (Hozir kechqurun - ertalab tugagan davr.)

Signal so'zlar: tezkor jadval

Suhbat qolipi: Perfect ochadi, Simple davom ettiradi

Ingliz suhbatida yangilik odatda Present Perfect bilan e'lon qilinadi, keyin tafsilotlar Past Simple bilan aytiladi. Restoran suhbatiga e'tibor bering:

• A: Guess what! I've found an amazing plov place! (Yangilik - Perfect.)
• B: Really? When did you go there? (Tafsilot so'raladi - Simple.)
• A: I went last Friday with my cousins. We ordered the wedding plov and it was incredible. (Hikoya - Simple.)
• B: I've heard about it, but I've never been there. (Yana tajriba - Perfect.)

B2 nozikliklari

Been yoki gone?

• Dad has gone to the bakery. (Ketgan - hali qaytmagan, hozir uyda yo'q.)
• Dad has been to the bakery. (Borib kelgan - hozir uyda, qo'lida issiq non!)

Superlative + ever

• This is the most delicious mastava I've ever tasted. (Eng yuqori baho + hayotiy tajriba doim Present Perfect bilan.)

It's the first time...

• It's the first time I've cooked for twenty guests! ("Birinchi marta" qolipi ham Present Perfect talab qiladi.)

O'zbek o'quvchilariga xos tipik xatolar (interferensiya)

Ona tilimizda "yedim" ham, "yeganman" ham bitta o'tgan zamon doirasida his qilinadi, shuning uchun:

• Noto'g'ri: I have eaten plov at my aunt's house last Sunday. -> To'g'ri: I ate plov at my aunt's house last Sunday. (Aniq vaqt - faqat Past Simple.)
• Noto'g'ri: When have you tried sushi? -> To'g'ri: When did you try sushi? (When? doim Past Simple bilan.)
• Noto'g'ri: This is the best kebab I ever ate. -> To'g'ri: This is the best kebab I've ever eaten. (Superlative + ever - Present Perfect.)
• Noto'g'ri: She has drank all the juice. -> To'g'ri: She has drunk all the juice. (V3 shakli: drunk.)
• Noto'g'ri: I didn't eat breakfast yet. -> To'g'ri: I haven't eaten breakfast yet. (Yet odatda Present Perfect bilan keladi.)
• Noto'g'ri: My brother has been to the shop, so he isn't at home now. -> To'g'ri: My brother has gone to the shop, so he isn't at home now. (Hali qaytmagan bo'lsa - gone.)

Eslatma - "kamera" usuli: Past Simple - bu o'tmishga qaratilgan kamera: siz voqeani o'sha yerda, o'sha paytda ko'rsatasiz (I cooked dinner at 6). Present Perfect - bu hozirgi holatga qaratilgan kamera: ekranda faqat natija ko'rinadi (I've cooked dinner - dasturxon tayyor, marhamat!). Gap tuzishdan oldin o'zingizdan so'rang: kameram qayerda turibdi - o'tmishdami yoki hozirdami?

Contrastive exercises - qiyosiy mashqlar

A. Juft gaplar: farqni tushuntiring

Har bir juftlikda ikkala gap ham to'g'ri - vazifa ma'no farqini aytib berish:

1. I've made some tea. / I made some tea, but somebody drank it. (Birinchisida choy hozir tayyor; ikkinchisida voqea tugagan, choy esa yo'q.)
2. Aziza has worked as a chef for five years. / Aziza worked as a chef for five years. (Birinchisida u hali ham oshpaz; ikkinchisida bu ish o'tmishda qolgan.)
3. Dad has gone to the market. / Dad has been to the market. (Birinchisida u hali bozorda; ikkinchisida borib kelgan.)

B. To'g'ri shaklni tanlang

1. ___ you ever ___ (try) camel milk? -> Have you ever tried (tajriba savoli).
2. We ___ (order) too much food at the restaurant yesterday. -> ordered (yesterday).
3. I can't pay - I ___ (leave) my wallet at home! -> 've left (hozirgi natija: pul yo'q).
4. My mother ___ (teach) me this recipe when I was twelve. -> taught (aniq o'tgan davr).
5. This is the spiciest sauce I ___ ever ___ (taste). -> have ever tasted (superlative + ever).
6. The guests ___ (not / arrive) yet, but the table is ready. -> haven't arrived (yet).

C. Transformatsiya: gapni ikkinchi zamonga o'tkazing

1. I've visited that teahouse. (+ last autumn) -> I visited that teahouse last autumn.
2. We cooked osh for Navruz in March. (- aniq vaqt, + tajriba) -> We've cooked osh for Navruz before.
3. She has just baked a cake. (+ two hours ago) -> She baked a cake two hours ago.