A Healthy Future: Will va Be Going To (B2)
Kirish: kelajakni ikki xil ko'rish
Kelajak haqida gapirganda ingliz tili sizdan bitta savolga javob berishni so'raydi: bu gap nimaga asoslangan? Agar fikr va taxminga asoslangan bo'lsa - will, agar hozirgi dalil yoki oldindan qilingan qarorga asoslangan bo'lsa - be going to ishlatiladi. "A Healthy Future" (sog'lom kelajak) mavzusi buni mashq qilish uchun juda qulay: biz salomatlik haqida doim bashorat qilamiz, qaror qabul qilamiz va va'da beramiz.
Will: shakli va uchta asosiy vazifasi
Will + V1 (barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil)
Inkor: will not = won't. Savol: Will you...? Qisqa shakl: I'll, she'll, we'll.
1. Fikrga asoslangan bashorat (opinion-based prediction)
- I think doctors will find a cure for many diseases by 2050. (Shaxsiy fikr.)
- People probably won't smoke at all in the future. (Taxmin.)
- Experts believe life expectancy will rise to ninety years. (Umumiy prognoz.)
2. Gapirish paytidagi qaror (spontaneous decision)
- I have a headache. - Wait, I'll bring you some water. (Qaror hozir, shu zahoti qabul qilindi.)
- The gym is closed today? Then I'll go running in the park. (Rejalar o'zgardi - yangi qaror shu paytda tug'ildi.)
3. Va'da, taklif va rad etish
- I promise I won't eat fast food this month. (Va'da.)
- Will you help me with my training plan? (Iltimos.)
- My little brother won't take his medicine. (Rad etish - "ichmayapti, ko'nmayapti".)
Be going to: shakli va ikkita asosiy vazifasi
Am / Is / Are + going to + V1
1. Oldindan qilingan qaror va niyat (prior decision)
- I'm going to join a swimming club next month. (Qaror allaqachon qabul qilingan.)
- We're going to cook healthier meals at home. (Oila niyati.)
- She isn't going to buy sugary drinks any more. (Oldindan qilingan qat'iy qaror.)
2. Dalilga asoslangan bashorat (evidence-based prediction)
- Look at his face - he's going to faint! (Dalil ko'z oldingizda.)
- You've trained hard all year. You're going to win this race. (Hozirgi holat aniq ko'rsatib turibdi.)
Ikki bashorat, ikki asos: asosiy farq
| Mezon | Will | Be going to |
|---|---|---|
| Bashorat asosi | Fikr, taxmin, tajriba: I think, probably, perhaps, I'm sure, I expect | Hozirgi dalil: ko'rinib turgan belgi, aniq vaziyat |
| Qaror vaqti | Gapirish paytida (spontan) | Gapirishdan oldin (reja, niyat) |
| Misol | I'm tired. I'll go to bed early tonight. (Hozir qaror qildim.) | I'm going to get eight hours of sleep every night - it's my new plan. (Oldindan qaror.) |
Solishtiring: I think it'll rain (osmonga qaramasdan, shunchaki fikr) va Look at those clouds - it's going to rain (dalil bor). Ikkalasi ham bashorat, lekin asosi boshqa.
O'zbek o'quvchilariga xos tipik xatolar (interferensiya)
Ona tilimizda "boraman" bitta shakl bilan ham reja, ham va'da, ham taxminni bildiradi, shu sababli quyidagi xatolar uchraydi:
- Noto'g'ri: I will to start jogging tomorrow. -> To'g'ri: I will start jogging tomorrow. (Will'dan keyin to ishlatilmaydi.)
- Noto'g'ri: He will goes to the doctor. -> To'g'ri: He will go to the doctor. (Will'dan keyin fe'l asosiy shaklda, -s qo'shilmaydi.)
- Noto'g'ri: I will join the gym - I bought a membership yesterday. -> To'g'ri: I'm going to join the gym... (Qaror oldindan qilingan - going to.)
- Noto'g'ri: Look out! The glass will fall! -> To'g'ri: Look out! The glass is going to fall! (Dalil ko'rinib turibdi - going to.)
- Noto'g'ri: I don't will eat sweets. -> To'g'ri: I won't eat sweets. (Will inkori won't, do bilan emas.)
- Noto'g'ri: Do you will exercise tomorrow? -> To'g'ri: Will you exercise tomorrow? (Savol will'ning o'zi bilan yasaladi.)
Eslatma - "qaror qachon tug'ildi?" testi: Gapirishdan OLDIN qaror qilganmisiz? - be going to (I'm going to run a marathon - bir oydan beri tayyorlanyapman). Qaror shu GAPIRISH PAYTIDA tug'ildimi? - will (You're tired? OK, I'll cook dinner tonight). Bashoratda esa dalilni qidiring: dalil bor - going to, faqat fikr - will. Ko'p hollarda ikkalasi ham to'g'ri bo'lishi mumkin; unda farq faqat ohangda: going to rejaviyroq, will esa umumiyroq eshitiladi.
Prediction activities - bashorat mashqlari
A. 2050-yilda salomatlik: fikringizni ayting
Quyidagi mavzular bo'yicha will yordamida o'z bashoratingizni tuzing (I think / I don't think / probably / definitely so'zlaridan foydalaning):
- Robots and doctors -> I think robots will help doctors, but they won't replace them completely.
- Fast food -> People probably will eat less fast food because...
- Life expectancy -> I'm sure people will live longer than ninety years because...
B. Dalildan bashoratga
Vaziyatga qarab going to bilan bashorat qiling:
- Your friend has revised for the biology test all week. -> You're going to pass the test easily!
- The sky is dark and the wind is getting stronger before your football match. -> It's going to rain - let's move the game.
- Dilshod is running very fast and the finish line is near. -> He's going to win the race!
Guided speaking - yo'naltirilgan og'zaki nutq
Juftlikda ishlang. Quyidagi qoliplar yordamida "Mening sog'lom kelajagim" mavzusida bir daqiqalik nutq tayyorlang:
- Niyatlarim (going to): Next month, I'm going to... / I'm not going to... any more.
- Bashoratlarim (will): In ten years, I think I will... / I probably won't...
- Va'dam (will): I promise I'll...
Namuna javob: "Next month I'm going to start swimming twice a week - I've already bought a swimming cap! I'm not going to drink soda any more. In ten years, I think I will feel stronger and healthier, and I probably won't need to see the doctor often. I promise I'll keep these habits!"
Suhbatdoshingizga savollar bering: What are you going to change in your lifestyle? Do you think people will be healthier in 2050? Why?