Kirish: nega internet passiv nisbatda "gapiradi"?

Raqamli dunyo haqidagi gaplarga e'tibor bering: xabarlar yuboriladi, ma'lumotlar saqlanadi, videolar yuklanadi, parollar o'g'irlanadi. Kim tomonidan? Ko'pincha bilmaymiz ham, bilishimiz shart ham emas - millionlab foydalanuvchilar, serverlar, dasturlar tomonidan. Aynan shunday holatlarda ingliz tili passive voice (majhul nisbat) ishlatadi: diqqat markazida ish-harakat va uning obyekti, bajaruvchi emas.

• Millions of messages are sent every minute. (Kim yuborishi muhim emas - hajm muhim.)
• Your data is stored in huge data centres. (Jarayonning o'zi qiziq.)
• English is used as the main language of the internet. (Umumiy fakt.)

Yasalishi

Am / Is / Are + V3 (fe'lning uchinchi shakli)

• Tasdiq: This app is downloaded a million times a day. / Photos are shared instantly.
• Inkor: Your password isn't shown to anyone. / These files aren't deleted automatically.
• Savol: Is this website updated every day? / Are online payments protected?
• Maxsus savol: How is spam detected? / Where are the servers kept?

Be fe'li egaga moslashadi: birlik - is, ko'plik - are, I bilan - am. V3 esa o'zgarmaydi: send - sent, keep - kept, store - stored, write - written.

Qachon passiv ishlatamiz?

1. Bajaruvchi noma'lum: My account is hacked! (Kim qilgani noma'lum.)
2. Bajaruvchi muhim emas yoki ravshan: The results are checked automatically. (Tizim tekshirishi tushunarli.)
3. Jarayon va qoidalarni tasvirlash: First the video is uploaded, then it is compressed, and finally it is published.
4. Rasmiy uslub: Users are asked to accept the privacy policy.

By - bajaruvchini qachon aytamiz?

Bajaruvchi haqiqatan muhim yangi ma'lumot bo'lsa, gap oxirida by bilan qo'shiladi:

• Most viral videos are made by ordinary users, not big studios. (Aynan kim - muhim kontrast.)
• The platform's rules are written by a special team.

Active'dan Passive'ga: uch qadam

Transformatsiya algoritmi:

1. Active gapning to'ldiruvchisini toping va uni yangi gapning egasi qiling.
2. Yangi egaga mos am/is/are qo'ying.
3. Asosiy fe'lni V3 shakliga o'tkazing; kerak bo'lsa bajaruvchini by bilan qo'shing.

Misol: Programmers update this app every week. -> This app is updated (by programmers) every week.

O'zbek o'quvchilariga xos tipik xatolar (interferensiya)

Ona tilimizda majhul nisbat "-iladi / -inadi" qo'shimchasi bilan bitta so'z ichida yasalgani uchun (yuboriladi = is sent) quyidagi xatolar uchraydi:

• Noto'g'ri: Messages sent every day. -> To'g'ri: Messages are sent every day. (O'zbekchada yordamchi fe'l yo'q, lekin inglizchada be majburiy!)
• Noto'g'ri: This game is play by millions of people. -> To'g'ri: This game is played by millions. (Be'dan keyin V3, V1 emas.)
• Noto'g'ri: The photos is shared in the group. -> To'g'ri: The photos are shared in the group. (Ko'plik ega - are.)
• Noto'g'ri: The internet is used from billions of people. -> To'g'ri: The internet is used by billions of people. (Bajaruvchi by bilan, from emas.)
• Noto'g'ri: New emojis are creating every year. -> To'g'ri: New emojis are created every year. (V-ing emas, V3 - are creating aktiv davomiy zamon bo'lib qoladi.)
• Noto'g'ri: Does this file protected? -> To'g'ri: Is this file protected? (Passiv savol be bilan yasaladi, do/does bilan emas.)

Eslatma - "-iladi" testi: Gapni o'zbekchaga o'girib ko'ring. Fe'l "-iladi, -inadi, -ilinadi" bilan tugasa (yuboriladi, saqlanadi, tekshiriladi) - bu passiv, demak inglizchada ikki qism SHART: be (am/is/are) + V3. Bittasi tushib qolsa, gap buziladi: "is send" ham, "are sent"siz yalang'och "sent" ham xato. Formulani telefon qulfiga o'xshating: ikkala tugma birga bosilsagina ochiladi.

Qiziqarli raqamli faktlar - passiv nisbatda

• Every minute, hundreds of hours of video are uploaded to video platforms.
• Around 300 billion emails are sent every day - and most of them are marked as spam.
• The word "emoji" is taken from Japanese, and new emojis are approved by a special committee every year.
• More than half of all web pages are written in English, but the internet is used in more than 250 languages.
• Your fingerprint is turned into a digital code - the picture itself isn't kept on the phone.

Passive transformation drills - mashqlar

A. Active gaplarni passive'ga aylantiring

1. Millions of people watch this blogger's videos. -> This blogger's videos are watched by millions of people.
2. The app reminds users about their screen time. -> Users are reminded about their screen time (by the app).
3. Hackers sometimes steal weak passwords. -> Weak passwords are sometimes stolen by hackers.
4. The school blocks social media sites on its computers. -> Social media sites are blocked on the school's computers.

B. Savol va inkorni tuzing

1. (this website / update / every day?) -> Is this website updated every day?
2. (our messages / not / read / by other people) -> Our messages are not read by other people.
3. (how / viruses / spread?) -> How are viruses spread?

C. To'g'ri shaklni tanlang

1. Wi-Fi ___ (is offered / offers) free in most cafes in Tashkent. -> is offered (taklif qilinadi - passiv).
2. My little brother ___ (is played / plays) online games every evening. -> plays (o'zi o'ynaydi - aktiv! Har gap ham passiv emas).
3. New updates ___ (is installed / are installed) automatically. -> are installed (ko'plik - are).