Kirish: fan ikki xil "agar" bilan gapiradi

Fanda ikki xil gap bor. Birinchisi - qonun: "Agar suvni 100 darajagacha qizdirsangiz, u qaynaydi." Bu har doim, hamma joyda, istisnosiz ishlaydi. Ikkinchisi - bashorat: "Agar bu tajribani o'tkazsak, qiziqarli natija olamiz." Bu kelajak haqidagi real ehtimol. Ingliz tili bu ikkisini ikki xil shart gap bilan ajratadi: zero conditional (qonunlar uchun) va first conditional (bashoratlar uchun).

Zero Conditional - tabiat qonunlari

If + Present Simple, ... Present Simple

Zero conditional doim to'g'ri bo'lgan haqiqatlar, ilmiy qonunlar va odatlar uchun ishlatiladi. Bu yerda "agar" aslida "har doim, qachonki" degan ma'noni beradi:

• If you heat ice, it melts. (Muz har doim eriydi - qonun.)
• If you drop a magnet near iron, the iron moves towards it.
• Water boils at a lower temperature if you climb a high mountain. (Ajoyib fakt: Everest cho'qqisida suv taxminan 70 darajada qaynaydi!)
• If plants don't get light, they turn yellow and die.

Zero conditional'da if o'rniga when ishlatsa ham ma'no deyarli o'zgarmaydi: When you heat ice, it melts.

First Conditional - real kelajak sharti

If + Present Simple, ... will + V1

First conditional kelajakdagi real, ehtimoli yuqori vaziyatlar uchun ishlatiladi - bashorat, reja, ogohlantirish, va'da:

• If we mix vinegar and baking soda, the balloon will fill with gas. (Tajriba bashorati.)
• If you watch the sky tonight, you will see a meteor shower. (Aniq hodisa haqida bashorat.)
• If Nodira wins the science olympiad, she will represent Uzbekistan at the international round.
• You won't feel the spacecraft's speed if it moves at a constant velocity. (Ha, bu ham fan!)

Eng muhim qoida: if-gapda will YO'Q!

Shart qismida (if'dan keyin) kelasi zamon ma'nosi bo'lsa ham Present Simple ishlatiladi:

• To'g'ri: If it rains tomorrow, we will do the experiment indoors.
• Xato: If it will rain tomorrow... (Will faqat asosiy gapda!)

Zero va First: yonma-yon taqqoslash

Bitta vaziyat, ikki xil gap: If you touch dry ice, it burns your skin (umumiy qonun - har doim shunday) va If you touch that dry ice, you'll hurt yourself! (aniq vaziyatdagi ogohlantirish).

Foydali qo'shimchalar

Vergul qoidasi

• If-gap oldin kelsa - vergul qo'yiladi: If you freeze water, it expands.
• If-gap keyin kelsa - vergul kerak emas: Water expands if you freeze it.

Unless = if not

• Unless you write down the results, you will forget them. (= If you don't write down...)
• The experiment won't work unless the temperature is exactly right.

O'zbek o'quvchilariga xos tipik xatolar (interferensiya)

O'zbek tilida "agar yomg'ir yog'sa" shakli kelajakni ham bildirgani va "bo'ladi" ikkala qismda ham kela olgani uchun quyidagi xatolar uchraydi:

• Noto'g'ri: If it will rain, we will stay at home. -> To'g'ri: If it rains, we will stay at home. (If'dan keyin will ishlatilmaydi - eng keng tarqalgan xato!)
• Noto'g'ri: If you will heat metal, it expands. -> To'g'ri: If you heat metal, it expands. (Qonun - zero conditional, ikkala qism ham Present.)
• Noto'g'ri: If she passes the exam, she enters university next year. -> To'g'ri: If she passes the exam, she will enter university next year. (Kelajak bashorati - asosiy gapda will kerak.)
• Noto'g'ri: If you don't will study, you will fail. -> To'g'ri: If you don't study, you will fail. (If-qismda oddiy inkor: don't/doesn't.)
• Noto'g'ri: If ice will melt, sea levels rise. -> To'g'ri: If ice melts, sea levels rise. (Umumiy jarayon - zero conditional.)
• Noto'g'ri: When I will finish school, I will study physics. -> To'g'ri: When I finish school, I will study physics. (When'dan keyin ham kelasi zamonda Present ishlatiladi.)

Eslatma - "qonunmi yoki bashoratmi?" testi: Gapni tekshiring: bu har doim, har safar shundaymi? Ha bo'lsa - zero (ikkala qism Present: If you heat ice, it melts). Bu aniq bir kelajak vaziyati haqidami? Unda - first (asosiy gapda will: If we start now, we'll finish by five). Va oltin qoidani yodda tuting: if va when'dan keyin will hech qachon kelmaydi - xuddi laboratoriyada olov va spirt yonma-yon turmasligi kabi.

If-clause completion - shart gaplarni to'ldirish mashqlari

A. Fan qonunlarini to'ldiring (zero conditional)

1. If you put oil in water, ... -> it floats on the surface. (Moy suvdan yengil.)
2. If you rub a balloon on your hair, ... -> it sticks to the wall. (Statik elektr.)
3. Sound travels faster if ... -> it moves through water instead of air. (Suvda tovush 4 baravar tezroq!)

B. Tajriba bashoratlarini to'ldiring (first conditional)

1. If we add salt to the ice, ... -> the ice will melt faster.
2. If you leave a nail in salty water for a week, ... -> it will rust.
3. You will see a rainbow in the garden if ... -> you spray water against the sunlight.

C. To'g'ri shaklni tanlang

1. If the temperature ___ (falls / will fall) below zero, water freezes. -> falls (qonun, if'dan keyin will yo'q).
2. If we ___ (finish / will finish) the project on time, we will show it at the science fair. -> finish (if-qismda Present).
3. Unless you wear safety glasses, the teacher ___ (doesn't let / won't let) you do the experiment. -> won't let (kelajak natija - will).

D. O'zingiz yakunlang (ochiq topshiriq)

1. If I become a scientist one day, ...
2. If people don't protect the Aral Sea region, ...
3. When our class visits the planetarium, ...