Kirish: Ingliz tilida kelajak nechta shaklda ifodalanadi?

O'zbek tilida kelasi zamon asosan bitta qo'shimcha bilan ifodalanadi: boraman, ko'ramiz, o'qiydi. Ingliz tilida esa kelajak haqida gapirishning kamida beshta asosiy usuli bor va ularning har biri turli MA'NO beradi:

• will + V1 - bashorat, ayni damdagi qaror, va'da, taklif
• be going to + V1 - oldindan qilingan niyat, dalilga asoslangan bashorat
• Present Continuous - aniq kelishilgan reja (vaqti va joyi belgilangan)
• Present Simple - jadval va dasturlar (poyezd, dars, parvoz)
• Future Continuous (will be + V-ing) - kelajakdagi aniq paytda davom etayotgan ish-harakat

B2 darajada asosiy mahorat - shaklni emas, vaziyatga mos ma'noni tanlash. Quyida har bir shaklni alohida ko'rib chiqamiz.

1-bo'lim. Will - bashorat, qaror va va'dalar

Subject + will ('ll) + V1 / will not (won't) + V1

Will quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:

• Fikrga asoslangan bashorat (ko'pincha I think, probably, perhaps, I'm sure bilan): I think robots will do most factory jobs by 2050. - Menimcha, 2050-yilga borib robotlar zavod ishlarining ko'pini bajaradi.
• Ayni damda qabul qilingan qaror: The phone is ringing - I'll answer it! - Telefon jiringlayapti - men javob beraman!
• Va'da, taklif, iltimos: I won't tell anyone your secret. - Siringizni hech kimga aytmayman. Will you help me with this exercise? - Bu mashqda yordam berasizmi?

2-bo'lim. Be going to - niyat va dalilga asoslangan bashorat

Subject + am / is / are + going to + V1

• Oldindan qilingan niyat (qaror gapirishdan avval qabul qilingan): I'm going to study IT at university. I decided last year. - Universitetda IT o'qimoqchiman. O'tgan yili qaror qilganman.
• Hozirgi dalilga asoslangan bashorat (ko'rib turibmiz): Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain. - Anavi qora bulutlarga qarang! Yomg'ir yog'adi.

3-bo'lim. Present Continuous va Present Simple kelajak ma'nosida

Present Continuous - kelishilgan rejalar (arrangements)

Subject + am / is / are + V-ing + (aniq vaqt)

Vaqti, joyi kelishilgan, boshqa odamlar bilan bog'langan rejalar uchun:

• We're meeting Aziz at the stadium at 6 p.m. - Biz Aziz bilan soat 18:00 da stadionda uchrashyapmiz (kelishib bo'lganmiz).
• She's flying to Istanbul on Friday. - U juma kuni Istanbulga uchadi (chipta olingan).

Present Simple - jadvallar (timetables)

Subject + V1 / V-s + (jadvaldagi vaqt)

• The train to Bukhara leaves at 7:30 tomorrow. - Buxoroga poyezd ertaga 7:30 da jo'naydi (rasmiy jadval).
• Our exam starts at 9 o'clock on Monday. - Imtihonimiz dushanba kuni soat 9 da boshlanadi.

Eslatma: Be going to (niyat) va Present Continuous (kelishuv) ko'p hollarda bir-biriga yaqin, lekin farq bor: I'm going to see a doctor - shifokorga borishni NIYAT qilganman; I'm seeing the doctor at 3 p.m. - qabulga YOZILGANMAN, vaqt kelishilgan. Ikkinchisi aniqroq va rasmiyroq reja.

4-bo'lim. Future Continuous - will be doing

Subject + will be + V-ing

Bu zamon B2 darajaning markaziy mavzusi bo'lib, uchta asosiy ma'noda ishlatiladi:

• Kelajakdagi aniq paytda davom etadigan ish: This time tomorrow, we will be taking our English exam. - Ertaga shu paytda biz ingliz tili imtihonini topshirayotgan bo'lamiz.
• Odatiy jarayon sifatida kutilayotgan kelajak (rejalarning tabiiy davomi): Don't call at 8 - I'll be having dinner with my family. - Soat 8 da qo'ng'iroq qilmang - oilam bilan kechki ovqat qilayotgan bo'laman.
• Xushmuomala so'roq (birovning rejasini bosim o'tkazmasdan so'rash): Will you be using the computer tonight? - Bugun kechqurun kompyuterdan foydalanasizmi? (kerak bo'lsa, men ishlataman degan yumshoq ohang)

Inkor va so'roq shakllari:

• Inkor: She won't be working on Sunday. - U yakshanba kuni ishlamayotgan bo'ladi.
• So'roq: Will they be waiting for us at the airport? - Ular aeroportda bizni kutib turishadimi?

5-bo'lim. Payt ergash gaplarida will ishlatilmaydi!

Bu B2 darajadagi eng muhim qoidalardan biri va o'zbek o'quvchilari eng ko'p xato qiladigan joy. When, after, before, as soon as, until, if bog'lovchilaridan keyin kelajak ma'nosida Present Simple ishlatiladi, will EMAS:

When / after / as soon as / if + Present Simple, ... will + V1

• When I finish school, I will apply to university. - Maktabni tugatganimda universitetga hujjat topshiraman.
• As soon as she arrives, we'll start the meeting. - U kelishi bilanoq yig'ilishni boshlaymiz.
• If it rains tomorrow, we won't go hiking. - Agar ertaga yomg'ir yog'sa, sayrga bormaymiz.

6-bo'lim. O'zbek o'quvchilarining tipik xatolari (interferensiya)

• Noto'g'ri: When I will finish school, I will enter university. -> To'g'ri: When I finish school, I will enter university. (O'zbekcha "tugatganimda" kelajakni bildirgani uchun o'quvchilar when dan keyin ham will qo'yadilar - bu xato.)
• Noto'g'ri: I will to visit Khiva next month. -> To'g'ri: I will visit Khiva next month. (Will modal fe'l - undan keyin "to" kelmaydi.)
• Noto'g'ri: She will goes to college. -> To'g'ri: She will go to college. (Will dan keyin fe'l asos shaklda qoladi, -s qo'shilmaydi.)
• Noto'g'ri: I am go to buy a new phone. -> To'g'ri: I am going to buy a new phone. (Be going to qolipida going tushirib qoldirilmaydi.)
• Noto'g'ri: We will meeting our friends tomorrow. -> To'g'ri: We will meet our friends tomorrow. yoki We are meeting our friends tomorrow. (Will + V-ing faqat will BE V-ing shaklida mavjud; yo will meet, yo are meeting.)
• Noto'g'ri: This time tomorrow I will take the exam. -> To'g'ri: This time tomorrow I will be taking the exam. ("Ertaga shu paytda" - jarayon nuqtasi, shuning uchun Future Continuous kerak.)
• Noto'g'ri: The bus will leave at 9 according to the timetable. (og'zaki vaziyatda) -> To'g'ri (tabiiyroq): The bus leaves at 9. (Rasmiy jadval uchun Present Simple ishlatiladi.)
• Noto'g'ri: I don't will go. -> To'g'ri: I won't go. (Will inkorini do/does bilan yasab bo'lmaydi: will not = won't.)

7-bo'lim. Prediction and planning exercises - bashorat va rejalashtirish mashqlari

Mashq 1. Predictions about 2050 (bashorat)

Quyidagi mavzular bo'yicha will yoki won't bilan o'z bashoratingizni yozing va I think / I'm sure / probably so'zlaridan foydalaning:

1. Cars: I think most cars will be electric, and people won't need driving licences.
2. Schools: (kompyuterlar, o'qituvchilar, imtihonlar haqida)
3. Space travel: (Marsga sayohat, kosmik mehmonxonalar)
4. Everyday life in Uzbekistan: (shaharlar, transport, uy-ro'zg'or texnikasi)

Mashq 2. Evidence-based predictions (dalilga qarab bashorat)

Vaziyatni o'qing va be going to bilan bashorat yozing:

1. The sky is full of dark clouds. -> It's going to rain.
2. Dilnoza has studied hard all year and knows every topic. -> ...
3. Look! That boy is running too fast on the wet floor. -> ...
4. Our team is winning 3-0 and there are only two minutes left. -> ...

Mashq 3. My weekend plan (rejalashtirish)

Shanba kungi rejalaringiz jadvalini tuzing. Kelishilgan rejalar uchun Present Continuous, niyatlar uchun be going to, taxminlar uchun will ishlating:

• 9:00 - I'm playing football with my classmates (biz kelishganmiz).
• 13:00 - I'm going to clean my room (niyatim bor).
• 18:00 - I'll probably watch a film (aniq emas, taxmin).

Mashq 4. This time next week (Future Continuous)

Quyidagi vaqt nuqtalari uchun "will be + V-ing" bilan jumla tuzing:

1. This time tomorrow, I ...
2. At 7 a.m. next Sunday, my family ...
3. This time next year, I ...
4. At midnight on New Year's Eve, people all over Uzbekistan ...

Mashq 5. Juftlik dialogi: Planning a class trip

• A: Where are we going for our class trip? (reja haqida so'rash)
• B: We're visiting Samarkand on the 15th. The bus leaves at 6 a.m. (kelishuv + jadval)
• A: Great! What are you going to take with you? (niyat)
• B: I'm going to take my camera. I'm sure we'll see amazing places. (niyat + bashorat)
• A: Will you be taking photos during the whole trip? (xushmuomala so'roq)
• B: Of course! This time on Saturday we'll be walking around Registan Square! (Future Continuous)

Metodik maslahat: Rejalashtirish mashqlarida o'quvchidan bitta javob emas, SHAKL TANLOVINI OQLAB berishni so'rang: "Nega Present Continuous?" - "Chunki vaqt kelishilgan". Shu savol-javob orqali B2 darajaning asosiy ko'nikmasi - ma'noga qarab shakl tanlash - mustahkamlanadi.

Qiziqarli faktlar (Did you know?)

• Og'zaki ingliz tilida going to ko'pincha gonna deb talaffuz qilinadi: I'm gonna call you later. Lekin bu shakl rasmiy yozuvda ishlatilmaydi.
• Shall zamonaviy ingliz tilida asosan taklif va takliflarda saqlanib qolgan: Shall we start? - Boshlaymizmi? Kelasi zamon uchun "I shall go" shakli eskirgan hisoblanadi.
• Ob-havo ma'lumotlarida Future Continuous juda ko'p ishlatiladi: "Temperatures will be rising across the region tomorrow afternoon."
• Ilmiy bashoratlarda by + yil bilan birga ko'pincha will ishlatiladi: "By 2060, one in four people in the world will be over 60 years old" (BMT prognozi asosidagi tipik jumla).