Present Continuous
Present Continuous nima?
Present Continuous hozir davom etayotgan, vaqtincha sodir bo'layotgan yoki yaqin kelajak uchun rejalashtirilgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. Bu zamon o'zbek tilidagi -yapti, -moqda, hozir ... qilyapti ma'nolariga yaqin keladi.
Asosiy formula: Am / Is / Are + V-ing
| Shaxs | To be | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am studying English now. |
| He / She / It | is | She is reading a book. |
| You / We / They | are | They are playing football. |
1. Darak gap yasash
Darak gapda ega, keyin am, is yoki are, undan keyin fe'lning -ing shakli keladi.
Subject + am / is / are + V-ing + object / place / time
- I am writing a message now. Men hozir xabar yozayapman.
- My teacher is explaining the rule. O'qituvchim qoidani tushuntiryapti.
- We are learning grammar today. Biz bugun grammatika o'rganyapmiz.
- The students are doing exercises. O'quvchilar mashq bajaryapti.
- It is raining outside. Tashqarida yomg'ir yog'yapti.
Present Continuous gapida am, is, are tushib qolsa, gap grammatik jihatdan xato bo'ladi. Ingliz tilida faqat V-ing shakli bilan zamon yasalmaydi.
2. Inkor gap yasash
Inkor gapda am, is, are dan keyin not qo'yiladi. Fe'l esa baribir -ing shaklida qoladi.
Subject + am / is / are + not + V-ing
- I am not watching TV now. Men hozir televizor ko'rmayapman.
- He is not sleeping. U uxlamayapti.
- She is not cooking dinner. U kechki ovqat pishirmayapti.
- We are not playing a game. Biz o'yin o'ynamayapmiz.
- They are not listening to music. Ular musiqa tinglamayapti.
Qisqa shakllar ham ishlatiladi: is not o'rniga isn't, are not o'rniga aren't. Lekin I am not uchun odatda I amn't ishlatilmaydi.
3. So'roq gap yasash
So'roq gapda am, is, are gap boshiga chiqadi. Bu o'zbek o'quvchilari uchun muhim, chunki o'zbek tilida so'roq ko'pincha ohang yoki mi orqali yasaladi, ingliz tilida esa yordamchi fe'l joylashuvi o'zgaradi.
Am / Is / Are + subject + V-ing?
- Are you studying now? Sen hozir o'qiyapsanmi?
- Is he working today? U bugun ishlayaptimi?
- Is she writing an essay? U insho yozayaptimi?
- Are they coming to school? Ular maktabga kelishyaptimi?
- Am I speaking correctly? Men to'g'ri gapiryapmanmi?
Qisqa javoblarda faqat yes yoki no yetarli emas. Ingliz tilida yordamchi fe'l ham qaytariladi.
| Savol | Qisqa javob |
|---|---|
| Are you listening? | Yes, I am. No, I am not. |
| Is he reading? | Yes, he is. No, he isn't. |
| Are they working? | Yes, they are. No, they aren't. |
4. Wh-savollar
Maxsus so'roq so'zlar bilan gap boshida what, where, why, who, when, how keladi. Keyin am, is, are, undan keyin ega va V-ing keladi.
Wh-word + am / is / are + subject + V-ing?
- What are you doing? Sen nima qilyapsan?
- Where is she going? U qayerga ketyapti?
- Why are they laughing? Ular nega kulyapti?
- Who is speaking? Kim gapiryapti?
- How are you feeling today? Bugun o'zingni qanday his qilyapsan?
Who ega bo'lib kelganda gap tuzilishi biroz sodda bo'ladi: Who is coming? Bu gapda alohida ega qo'shilmaydi, chunki who o'zi ega vazifasida kelgan.
5. Present Continuous qachon ishlatiladi?
Ayni paytda davom etayotgan harakat
Gapirilayotgan vaqtda sodir bo'layotgan ish-harakat uchun ishlatiladi. Bunday gaplarda ko'pincha now, right now, at the moment ishlatiladi.
- I am doing my homework now.
- The children are playing in the yard at the moment.
- My mother is talking on the phone right now.
Vaqtincha holat yoki vaqtincha ish
Harakat aynan shu kunlarda yoki shu davrda davom etayotgan bo'lishi mumkin, lekin doimiy odat emas.
- I am reading an interesting book this week.
- He is staying with his grandparents for a few days.
- We are preparing for the final exam these days.
Yaqin kelajakdagi reja
Present Continuous ba'zan kelajak ma'nosida ham ishlatiladi. Bunda ish oldindan rejalashtirilgan bo'ladi.
- We are visiting our teacher tomorrow.
- She is meeting her friends tonight.
- I am taking an English test next week.
Kelajak ma'nosidagi Present Continuous odatda aniq reja yoki kelishilgan ish uchun ishlatiladi. Masalan, I am meeting my tutor at 5 p.m. gapida uchrashuv oldindan rejalashtirilgan.
6. -ing qo'shish qoidalari
Present Continuousda asosiy fe'lga -ing qo'shiladi. Lekin ba'zi imlo qoidalariga e'tibor berish kerak.
| Qoida | Misol |
|---|---|
| Oddiy fe'lga -ing qo'shiladi | read → reading, play → playing, work → working |
| Oxiri -e bilan tugasa, -e tushadi | write → writing, make → making, come → coming |
| Qisqa unli va bitta undosh bilan tugasa, oxirgi undosh ikki marta yoziladi | run → running, sit → sitting, swim → swimming |
| Oxiri -ie bilan tugasa, -ie o'rniga -y keladi | lie → lying, die → dying |
Masalan, makeing emas, making; runing emas, running; writeing emas, writing.
7. Present Simple va Present Continuous farqi
O'zbek o'quvchilari ko'pincha Present Simple va Present Continuousni aralashtirib yuboradi. Present Simple odat, takroriy ish va umumiy haqiqat uchun ishlatiladi. Present Continuous esa hozir davom etayotgan yoki vaqtincha ish uchun ishlatiladi.
| Present Simple | Present Continuous |
|---|---|
| I study English every day. | I am studying English now. |
| She teaches at school. | She is teaching a lesson now. |
| They play football on Sundays. | They are playing football at the moment. |
| He usually drives to work. | He is driving to work now. |
Signal so'zlar ham yordam beradi. Present Simple bilan always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Mondays ko'p ishlatiladi. Present Continuous bilan now, right now, at the moment, today, this week, these days ko'p ishlatiladi.
8. O'zbek o'quvchilari qiladigan tipik xatolar
O'zbek tilida yordamchi fe'l yo'qligi sababli ko'p o'quvchilar ingliz tilida am, is, are ni tushirib qoldiradi. Bu eng keng tarqalgan xatolardan biridir.
- Noto'g'ri: I reading now. To'g'ri: I am reading now.
- Noto'g'ri: She cooking dinner. To'g'ri: She is cooking dinner.
- Noto'g'ri: They playing football. To'g'ri: They are playing football.
- Noto'g'ri: He is play computer games. To'g'ri: He is playing computer games.
- Noto'g'ri: Are you study now? To'g'ri: Are you studying now?
- Noto'g'ri: What you are doing? To'g'ri: What are you doing?
- Noto'g'ri: I am understand you. To'g'ri: I understand you.
- Noto'g'ri: She is knowing the answer. To'g'ri: She knows the answer.
Oxirgi ikki misolda understand va know holat bildiruvchi fe'llar bo'lgani uchun odatda Present Continuousda ishlatilmaydi.
9. Continuousda odatda ishlatilmaydigan fe'llar
Ba'zi fe'llar harakatni emas, holatni bildiradi. Bunday fe'llar odatda Present Continuousda ishlatilmaydi. Ular ko'proq Present Simple bilan keladi.
- know: I know the answer. Men javobni bilaman.
- understand: I understand this rule. Men bu qoidani tushunaman.
- believe: I believe you. Men senga ishonaman.
- like: She likes English. U ingliz tilini yoqtiradi.
- want: They want to learn grammar. Ular grammatika o'rganishni xohlashadi.
- need: We need more practice. Bizga ko'proq mashq kerak.
I am loving it kabi iboralar reklama yoki og'zaki uslubda uchrashi mumkin, lekin maktab grammatikasi va testlarda odatda I love it shakli to'g'ri hisoblanadi.
10. Darsni mustahkamlash uchun mini-xulosa
- Present Continuous formulasi: Am / Is / Are + V-ing.
- Hozir davom etayotgan harakat uchun ishlatiladi: I am writing now.
- Vaqtincha holat uchun ishlatiladi: We are studying online this week.
- Yaqin kelajakdagi aniq reja uchun ishlatiladi: She is visiting us tomorrow.
- Inkor gapda not qo'shiladi: He is not sleeping.
- So'roq gapda am, is, are oldinga chiqadi: Are you listening?
- O'zbek o'quvchilari eng ko'p am, is, are ni tushirib qoldiradi, shuning uchun har bir gapda yordamchi fe'l borligini tekshirish kerak.