Past Continuous (Davom etgan o'tgan zamon)
Past Continuous nima?
Past Continuous (davom etgan o'tgan zamon) - o'tgan vaqtning ma'lum bir lahzasida davom etib turgan, jarayonda bo'lgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. U was / were yordamchi fe'li va fe'lga -ing qo'shimchasi qo'shilishi bilan yasaladi.
Masalan: At eight o'clock last night, I was watching a film. (Kecha soat sakkizda men film ko'rayotgan edim.)
Past Continuous qanday yasaladi?
Bu zamon ikki qismdan iborat: o'tgan zamondagi was / were va asosiy fe'lning -ing shakli.
was yoki were?
| Ega (Subject) | Yordamchi fe'l |
|---|---|
| I, he, she, it | was |
| you, we, they | were |
1. Tasdiq gap (Affirmative)
Subject + was / were + V-ing
- I was reading a book. - Men kitob o'qiyotgan edim.
- She was cooking dinner. - U kechki ovqat tayyorlayotgan edi.
- They were playing football. - Ular futbol o'ynashayotgan edi.
2. Inkor gap (Negative)
Subject + was not (wasn't) / were not (weren't) + V-ing
- I wasn't sleeping at that time. - Men o'sha paytda uxlamayotgan edim.
- We weren't listening to the teacher. - Biz o'qituvchini tinglamayotgan edik.
3. So'roq gap (Question)
Was / Were + subject + V-ing ?
- Were you waiting for me? - Sen meni kutayotgan edingmi?
- What was he doing at six o'clock? - U soat oltida nima qilayotgan edi?
Qisqa javoblar: Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
Fe'lga -ing qo'shish qoidalari
-ing qo'shimchasini to'g'ri yozish muhim. Quyidagi qoidalarga e'tibor bering:
- Oddiy holatda fe'lga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri -ing qo'shiladi: play - playing, read - reading, go - going.
- Oxiri tovushsiz -e bilan tugasa, -e tushib qoladi: make - making, write - writing, come - coming.
- Qisqa unli va bitta undosh bilan tugasa, oxirgi undosh ikkilanadi: run - running, sit - sitting, swim - swimming.
- Oxiri -ie bilan tugasa, u -y ga aylanadi: lie - lying, die - dying.
Past Continuous qachon ishlatiladi?
- O'tmishning ma'lum bir lahzasidagi jarayon - Misol: At nine o'clock I was studying. (Soat to'qqizda men o'qiyotgan edim.)
- Bir vaqtda yuz bergan ikki harakat - Misol: While I was cooking, my brother was watching TV. (Men ovqat tayyorlayotganimda, akam televizor ko'rayotgan edi.)
- Uzoqroq harakat qisqa harakat bilan bo'lingani - Misol: I was sleeping when the phone rang. (Telefon jiringlaganda men uxlayotgan edim.)
- Hikoyada fon, vaziyatni tasvirlash - Misol: The sun was shining and the birds were singing. (Quyosh charaqlab, qushlar sayrayotgan edi.)
- O'tmishdagi vaqtinchalik holat - Misol: She was living in Tashkent that year. (U o'sha yili Toshkentda yashayotgan edi.)
Vaqt belgilari (Time markers)
- while - ...ayotganda (uzoq harakat uchun)
- when - ...ganda (qisqa harakat uchun)
- as - ...ayotganda
- at that moment - o'sha lahzada
- at five o'clock yesterday - kecha soat beshda
- all day / all morning - kun bo'yi / ertalab bo'yi
- the whole evening - butun kechqurun davomida
Past Continuous va Past Simple farqi
Bu ikki zamon ko'pincha bitta gapda birga keladi. Asosiy farqni eslab qoling:
| Past Continuous | Past Simple |
|---|---|
| Uzoqroq, davom etgan harakat (fon). | Qisqa, tugagan harakat (uni bo'lib yuboradi). |
| while + Past Continuous | when + Past Simple |
| I was walking home... | ...when I met my friend. |
Misol: While I was walking home, I met an old friend. (Uyga ketayotganimda, eski do'stimni uchratib qoldim.)
Holat fe'llari (Stative verbs)
Ba'zi fe'llar harakatni emas, balki holat, his-tuyg'u yoki fikrni bildiradi. Ular odatda -ing (continuous) shaklida ishlatilmaydi. Bunday fe'llar: know, want, like, love, hate, need, understand, believe, see, hear, have (egalik ma'nosida).
- Noto'g'ri: I was knowing the answer. - To'g'ri: I knew the answer. (Men javobni bilardim.)
- Noto'g'ri: She was wanting some water. - To'g'ri: She wanted some water. (U suv xohlayotgan edi.)
O'zbek o'quvchilar uchun tipik xatolar
Ona tili ta'sirida (interferensiya) quyidagi xatolar tez uchraydi:
Xato 1: was / were ni tushirib qoldirish
O'quvchilar faqat -ing shaklini ishlatib, yordamchi fe'lni unutishadi.
- Noto'g'ri: I reading a book at that time.
- To'g'ri: I was reading a book at that time.
Xato 2: was va were ni chalkashtirish
Ega bilan yordamchi fe'l mos kelishi shart.
- Noto'g'ri: They was watching TV. - To'g'ri: They were watching TV.
- Noto'g'ri: I were sleeping. - To'g'ri: I was sleeping.
Xato 3: Holat fe'llarini continuous shaklida ishlatish
- Noto'g'ri: I was having a new phone. - To'g'ri: I had a new phone. (Menda yangi telefon bor edi.)
Xato 4: was / were dan keyin -ed qo'shish
was / were dan keyin fe'lning -ing shakli keladi, -ed emas.
- Noto'g'ri: She was watched a film. - To'g'ri: She was watching a film.
Xato 5: Ketma-ket tugagan harakatlar uchun Past Continuous ishlatish
Bir-biridan keyin sodir bo'lgan tugagan harakatlar uchun Past Simple kerak.
- Noto'g'ri: Yesterday I was getting up, was washing my face and was going to school.
- To'g'ri: Yesterday I got up, washed my face and went to school.
Oltin qoida: Uzoq, davom etgan harakat uchun Past Continuous (was / were + V-ing), uni bo'lib yuboradigan qisqa harakat uchun Past Simple ishlating. Esda tuting: while uzoq harakat bilan, when esa qisqa harakat bilan keladi.
Xulosa
- Qolip: was / were + V-ing
- I, he, she, it bilan was; you, we, they bilan were.
- O'tmishdagi jarayon, fon va bir vaqtdagi harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi.
- Holat fe'llari (know, want, like...) continuous shaklida ishlatilmaydi.
- while + Past Continuous, when + Past Simple.